A guide to getting solar panels
Solar panels, or photovoltaics (PV), transform the energy from the sun into electricity for use in your home.
By installing solar panels, you can generate free, renewable, low-carbon electricity. Any excess electricity can be sold back to the grid or stored for future use by using a battery.
Discover the science behind how solar panels convert sunlight into electricity for your home.
Learn the key factors to determine whether your home is ideal for solar panel installation.
Get an overview of the costs involved in purchasing and installing a solar PV system.
Explore the financial, environmental, and energy-saving advantages of using solar panels.
Find out how solar panels can be integrated with other renewable energy solutions for greater efficiency.
How do solar panels work?
Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity using the photovoltaic (PV) effect. Here’s how it works:
Sunlight Absorption: Solar cells in the panels, usually made of silicon, absorb sunlight, causing electrons to move.
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Electric Current Generation: This movement generates direct current (DC) electricity.
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Conversion to Usable Power: An inverter converts DC into alternating current (AC), which powers your home.
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Energy Use and Distribution: The electricity powers your home, and any excess can be stored in batteries or sent back to the grid, potentially earning you money.
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Continuous Operation: Solar panels generate electricity as long as they receive sunlight, even on cloudy days.
Is your home suitable?
These are some aspects that you should consider to see if your home is suitable for solar panels.
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Space requirements:
The typical solar panel system has an output of around 3.5 kilowatt peak (kWp) and generally requires 10 to 20 square metres of roof space. -
Roof facing:
For optimal performance, a clear, south-facing roof is best suited for solar panels. Although east and west-facing roofs can still generate energy effectively, installing panels on a north-facing roof is not advised. A system oriented toward the east or west will typically produce about 15-20% less energy than one that faces directly south. -
Permissions:
Installing solar panels and equipment on residential properties may qualify as "permitted development," meaning no planning permission is required. However, important limits and conditions apply, as detailed on the following pages. It's advisable to consult your local authority to ensure all criteria are met. -
Quantity of solar panels:
In general, the more electricity your home consumes, the more solar panels you'll require. Larger homes typically need larger solar panel systems. According to The Eco Experts, a small home with low energy usage might need three to six panels, while larger homes could require at least 14 panels. -
Type of roof:
Solar panels can be installed on flat roofs however to maximise energy production, they are typically tilted towards the sun. It's crucial to maintain the roof's watertight integrity, so many systems are weighted down instead of being fixed through the roof. If using a weighted system, ensure the roof is strong enough to support the added weight; otherwise, secure the panels with appropriate fixings to prevent water damage. -
Other places:
You can install solar panels in your garden or on an outbuilding like a shed or garage. Ensure they face south, avoid shading, and have a sturdy structure. Garden installations are easy to clean but require protection from rodents, while outbuildings may need additional electrical setup, which should be factored into the overall cost.
How much do solar panels cost?
Solar panels offer an excellent way to generate renewable electricity for your home, but what are their costs in the UK, and which factors influence the final price?
According to Greenmatch, as of April 2024, the average cost of solar panels in the UK ranges from £2,500 to £10,500, including supply and installation, depending on system size and other factors. A common 4 kW domestic system costs around £5,000 to £6,000 and covers about 16 square metres of roof space. Larger systems, such as 12 kW, can cost up to £12,000 to £13,000. While cheaper panels are available, they are generally less efficient and have shorter warranties. The system size you'll need depends on your energy consumption.
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The cost is affected by several factors, including the size of the solar panel system, the ease of roof access, your choice between solar panels or tiles, and whether the panels are integrated into the building structure.
Benefits of solar panels
Installing solar panels on your roof provides a wide range of benefits for both your household and the environment. Firstly, solar panels can significantly reduce your energy bills by harnessing free, renewable energy from the sun. Over time, this can lead to substantial savings, especially as energy prices continue to rise, making your investment increasingly valuable.
Beyond cost savings, solar panels also offer the opportunity to generate income. Through the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG), you can earn money by selling surplus energy back to the grid, creating a long-term financial benefit that adds to the overall appeal of solar energy.
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Solar panels require minimal maintenance once installed, making them a low-effort, high-reward investment. With only occasional cleaning and routine checks, they can provide decades of reliable service with little hassle.​
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Environmentally, solar panels help reduce your carbon footprint by lowering your reliance on fossil fuels. By generating clean, green energy, you contribute to the fight against climate change, making a positive impact on the planet.
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Additionally, solar panels enhance your home’s energy resilience by providing grid independence. During power outages, your solar system can keep essential appliances running, ensuring your home stays functional when it matters most.
Installing solar panels can also increase your property’s value. As more homebuyers look for energy-efficient features, having solar panels can make your home more attractive in the market, potentially commanding a higher price.
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Finally, solar panels are versatile and can be applied in various settings. Whether you want to power your entire home, charge an electric vehicle, or support other energy needs, solar panels offer diverse applications that can be tailored to your specific requirements.
Combination with renewable technologies
Integrating solar panels with other renewable technologies can maximise your home's energy efficiency and sustainability. Here’s how combining solar panels with batteries, heat pumps, and electric vehicles can benefit you:
Solar Panels and Batteries: Pairing solar panels with battery storage allows you to store excess energy generated during the day for use when the sun isn’t shining, such as at night or during cloudy periods. This not only increases your energy independence but also ensures that you make the most of the solar power you produce, reducing reliance on the grid and potentially lowering your energy bills.
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Solar Panels and Heat Pumps: Combining solar panels with heat pumps is an excellent way to enhance your home’s heating and cooling efficiency. Heat pumps use electricity to transfer heat, making them highly efficient. When powered by solar energy, they become even more eco-friendly, reducing your carbon footprint and cutting heating costs significantly. This combination can provide sustainable, year-round comfort in your home.
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Solar Panels and Electric Vehicles (EVs): Using solar panels to charge your electric vehicle is a smart, sustainable choice. By generating your own renewable energy, you can power your EV at little to no cost, drastically reducing fuel expenses and further lowering your environmental impact. This combination makes your transportation as green as your home energy, contributing to a cleaner future.
References
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In depth guide on how solar panels work by the Department of Energy.
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If you find out more about the advantages and disadvantages of solar panels visit:
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Use the solar panel calculator by the Energy Savings Trust to estimate your potential savings.
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Find MCS certified solar panel installers on the MCS website.
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You can learn more about the combination of solar panels with renewable technologies from the Energy Savings Trust webpage.
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